Types of Air Compressor

 
Compressor: Types of Air Compressor

The two main classification of Air Compressor are.
01) Positive Displacement Type.
02) Dynamic Type.

You will find details of each type from below description.

01) Positive Displacement Air Compressors.
Positive displacement types compressor are those who mechanically displace a fixed volume of air into a reduced volume. Compressor when operated at fixed speed can deliver the constant volume. The discharge pressure is determined by the system load conditions. If the consumption of air ismore then discharge pressure falls below the cut-off pressure & compressor works on load condition.
These types of Air Compressor further classified as


A) Reciprocating Air Compressor.
In this type compressed air is generated by to & fro movement of piston inside the cylinder (compression chamber). Each movement compresses a fixed quantity of free air at a specific pressure. Single stage or double stage or multi stages and single acting or double acting is the further classification of Reciprocating Air Compressor. A vertical type air compressor is use for the application of compressed air ranging in between50 to 150 CFM and the horizontal balance type is most suitable for application ranging from 200 to 5000 CFM.

B) Rotary Air Compressor.
In this type air is compressed by two rotating or inter meshing rotors. According to the type of construction Rotary Compressor can be further classified as
(a) Rotary Screw Compressor
(b) Rotary Vane compressor.

(a) Rotary Screw Compressor.
Air is compressed between two rotating screw (male & female screw) and casing. The compression took place in gradually reducing space between these two parts.

(b) Rotary Vane compressor.
Air is compressed between casing & rotating rotor by the help of moveable rotor blade. This type of air compressor can be further classified as single stage or double stage rotary air compressor.

02) Dynamic Air Compressors.
The dynamic type air compressors mechanically impart velocity to the air. The impellers rotating at a high speed, in enclosed casing, produce this action. The air is forced into a progressively reduced volume. The volumetric flow will vary inversely with the differential pressure across the compressor. This type of compressor is further classified as
(a) Centrifugal Air Compressor
(b) Axial Flow Air Compressor
(c) Roots Blower Compressor.

(a) Centrifugal Air Compressor.
In a centrifugal air compressor an impeller is mounted on a shaft and positioned within housing, consistingof an inlet duct, a volute and a diffuser. The velocity to the air can be imparted by the high-speed rotation of impeller. The diffuser surrounds the impeller and act to convert the kinetic energy of air into potential energy at a higher-pressure level.

(b) Axial Flow Air Compressor.
The axial flow type air compressor is essentially a large capacity, high-speed machine withy characteristic quite different from the centrifugal air compressor. Each stage consist of two rows of blades, one rowrotating & the next row of blade is stationary. The rotor blades impart velocity and pressure to the air as the motor turns, the velocity being converted to pressure in stationery blades.

(c) Roots Blower Compressor.
This type is generally called as blower. The discharge air pressure obtained from this type of machine is very low. The discharge pressure of 1 bar can be obtained in single stage and pressure of 2.2 bars is obtained from double stage. The discharge pressure achieved by two rotors, which have separate, parallel axis androtate in opposite directions. This is the example of positive displacementcompressor in rotary type air compressor.

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